Religion During The Medieval World - 1456 Words

Religion had an enormous impact on almost all aspects of life in the medieval world. In the Christian belief, the first two people that were created by God were Adam and Eve. They were provided with a paradise to live in,the garden of Eden, and were only given one rule that they had to follow to not eat from the tree of good and evil. If they did eat fruit from the tree, then they would have to leave the paradise. Eve was tempted by Satan, and ate the fruit. She then gave some of that fruit to Adam, and they were banned from the garden. For this reason, women were seen as dangerous temptresses. This story showed that women were morally weaker, and were likely to lead their spouses into sin. They became known as the â€Å"weaker† sex, for it was a woman who first consumed the fruit in the Garden of Eden. From the beginning of time, men were then seen as the â€Å"stronger† more superior sex. They had all of the control, and women were simply seen as a men’s property. Legally and economically women were in fact, controlled by men. When they are born their father is the authority, and then once thier married and have children thier husband and son. For example, in The Return of Martin Guerre, when Martin leaves Bertrande essentially becomes the property of Martin’s uncle. She spent a lot of her time helping him on the field. Women are very much so expected to be submissive to the male figures in their lives. That being said, there are circumstances in which women could and did goShow MoreRelatedHow Truth Was Defined By Medieval Europeans1696 Words   |  7 PagesEric Green Urban British Literature 1st 3 December 2015 How Truth Was Defined By Medieval Europeans In life majority of people believe telling the truth is the correct way of living. Truth has endured the world throughout time and is seemingly unanswerable to those who do not understand it because this subject appears in every culture. 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Napavine s Key Strategic Objectives Essay - 1444 Words

A. Napavine’s Key Strategic Objectives Napavine has identified seventeen objectives under the umbrella of six goals. Our key objectives, however, are that our school will utilize the Marzano Instructional Frameworks as a guide to student learning and professional growth, increase the number of staff who successfully obtain the National Board Certified Teacher status, and that all staff will engage with parent, family, and community partners to strengthen collaboration and communication. 1. Key milestones in Napavine’s timeline for accomplishing strategic objectives are: i. In regards to the Marzano Instructional Frameworks as a guide, building administrators and teachers will meet monthly to guide professional growth discussions, set goals and identify future professional opportunities. In addition, the district TPEP committee will meet monthly to plan and guide professional development that includes a teacher leader to provide evaluation and framework training. SIP will identify Marzano instructional practices on a yearly basis as a school-wide focus for implementation and/or improvement. Student growth meetings will occur each fall between school administrators and teacher and will revolve around students at risk of falling behind their peers and student sub-groups that may be collectively behind the total student population (closing the achievement gap). And finally, time will be made each quarter for instructional rounds to facilitate professional growth among

How Has Texting Affected Teenagers Free Essays

How has texting affected teen literacy? This is one question asked by many, and not always answered. After doing much research, I have come up with an answer to this question. There are pros as well as cons to texting when it comes to teens. We will write a custom essay sample on How Has Texting Affected Teenagers or any similar topic only for you Order Now The pros of texting are that texting allows teens to communicate with each other more often. Another pro is that they have the capability to call a parent when in a situation where alcohol or drugs are involved. While texting can have some pros, it also comes with it’s own set of cons. One con is that texting is leading to anxiety, stress, distraction in school, and sleep deprivation. All of this added together can cause teens to have falling grades in school. Another, con is that texting can distract teens while they are driving. Texting and driving has become one of the most common causes of car accidents. One common thing you can see in schools is texting in class. One other thing you will see is cheating during tests. Some schools have banned cellphones during tests but this has not helped at all. These rules only affect the teens that are willing to break rules. The amount of teens who own a cell phone in the world is enormous. In 2011, 77% of the teenage population owned a cell phone, which is very similar to the 75% presented in 2009. Due to the unlimited texting plans presented by various mobile carriers texting has increased substantially in popularity. According to the Nielson Company, American Teenagers sent and received and average of 2,272 text messages per month in the fourth quarter of 2008. This totals to about 80 messages a day. In 2010, this amount of 2,272 text messages in the fourth quarter of 2008, grew to an amount of 6. 1 trillion text messages in 2010. This goes to show how much texting has grown in popularity and is a growing issue that effects teens everywhere. As texting becomes more popular, more and more teens begin to have falling grades in school and also putting themselves in danger while driving. If parents started to be more watchful of how much their children text, they could help them keep control of their texting. Works Cited Baker,Lisa. â€Å"Cell Phones and Their Positive Effects on Youth† eHow 15. April. 2012 Starovoit,Veronica. â€Å"How Does Text Messaging Affect the Ability to Write Speak in English? † eHow 16. April. 2012 Lenhart,Amanda. â€Å"Overall cell ownership steady since 2009† PewInternet 19. Mar. 2012 Hafner,Katie. â€Å"Texting May Be Taking a Toll on Teenagers† The New York Times 25. May. 2009 How to cite How Has Texting Affected Teenagers, Essay examples

Resistance to Change in Public Administration

Question: Case study: Ministry of Trade and Industry of the Republic Of Kosovo. Answer: Introduction Republic of Kosovo is a landlocked country located in the central Balkan Peninsula. Republic of Kosovo is located in southeast Europe and it got its independence from Siberia in the year 2008. Republic of Kosovo has faced various political and economic changes continuously from its time of independence (Selimi and Pristina 2015). A public administration reform strategy was launched by the government of Kosovo in the year 2007, which aimed to cover a period of five years. The group of experts on Public Administration Reform (GERAP) drafted this. Covering the eight main areas of Human resource, communication with citizen, Institutional structure, Management in Public Administration, e-Government, Anti-corruption, Public finance management as well as the Policies and legislation (Zeqiri and Ahmeti 2013). These details were framed under the public administration of Republic of Kosovo, which went through various changes in the past (Selimi and Pristina 2015). These Public administrations of Kosovo and its resistance to change would be studied in the context of Ministry of Trade and Industry of the Republic Of Kosovo (Kume and Leskaj 2015). In this assignment, research methodology would be framed to understand the Resistance to Change in the Public Administration in the Republic of Kosovo in context of the Ministry of Trade and Industry of the Republic Of Kosovo (Ramadani et al. 2015). The topic would be explored and hypothesis would be framed under the research objectives. Problem statement The problem statement of this research is the effect of change in public administration of Republic of Kosovo in the ministry of trade and industry. Research objective Republic of Kosovo had undergone various changes in the Public Administration after its independence. In order to frame out the objectives of the research, various factors like the war, difference between the Serbians and Albanians in context of the ethics, political influence on the public administration in the Republic of Kosovo had been studied. The objectives are given below: To know the current Public administration of Republic of Kosovo To know the change of public administration of Republic of Kosovo from the time of independence To have an idea about the ministry of trade and industry in Republic of Kosovo To know the affect on Ministry of Trade and industry of Kosovo due to the resistant to the change in public administration of Republic of Kosovo Research question The research questions of the above objectives are given below: How is the current Public administration of Republic of Kosovo? How did the public administration of Republic of Kosovo change from the time of independence? How is the ministry of trade and industry in Republic of Kosovo? How do the resistant to change in the public administration of Republic of Kosovo affect the Ministry of Trade and Industry of Kosovo? Hypothesis There is a null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis for this research, which is given below: H0: There is no affect on the ministry of Trade and Industry in Republic of Kosovo due to the resistant to change in the public administration. H1: There is affect on the ministry of Trade and Industry in Republic of Kosovo due to the resistant to change in the public administration. Literature review Various factors influence the change in public administration of Republic of Kosovo. According to the viewpoint of Nagy (2015), various factors like political, social, demographic and legal situation prevail in the country. These situations lead to amendments of the policies of public administrations of the country. Post war, the country Republic of Kosovo, faced several major challenges to resolve the resultant crisis. Republic of Kosovo underwent various administrative changes in order to strike a balance in the country. These changes had triggered changes in the ministry of Trade and Industry in Republic of Kosovo. As per the viewpoint of Selimi and Pristina (2015), during the period of post-conflict in Kosovo, new public administration had been built since 1999 until there was a reform in the administration, which was a challenging period for Kosovo. The reform in public administration of Kosovo had been manifested in two ways; firstly with the relation to its structure of its self-development and secondly; with respect to the functions it performs, effects of its work and services offered to the citizens and institutions (Zeqiri and Ahmeti 2013). Kosovo had also implemented technology in their public administration policies. They have implemented e-government in all categories of government fast services. In context of the viewpoint of Nakrois (2015), it was seen that this e-governance had fulfilled citizens daily requirement at any time and at any distance. This reform had also affected the Ministry of trade and industry of Republic of Kosovo. There was change in administration and policies of Ministry of trade and industry of Republic of Kosovo. These reforms had initiated various resistant from the people of Kosovo. The government of Kosovo had made it easier for the foreign investments in their country. Ministry of Trade and Industry had recently met Mr. Gerd Herman Horst, the head of the textile company Bodet Horst GmbH from Germany and they have expressed their interest in investing in Kosovo. According to the viewpoint of SOTIROPOULOS (2013), it was seen that this investment would benefit the people of the country as they would have job opportunities to work under these foreign countries. As per the viewpoint of Miteva-Kacarski (2016), it was found that these were the positive changes in the public administration of Republic of Kosovo. It was seen that these changes took place constantly over the years from the time of birth of this country. Public administration had become an instrument for the government to deal with the general social problems. According to the viewpoint of Mehmeti (2014), there are various problems faced by Republic of Kosovo post declaration of independence in 2008. Republic of Kosovo is the poorest country in Europe and 45% of its population officially lives below the poverty line. 17% of its population are extremely poor as per the records of World Bank. As opined by LonÄ ar (2016), it was found that Republic of Kosovo was economically already weak country. Changes in the public administration were necessary for the growth of the economy of the country. As per the viewpoint of Kume and Leskaj (2015), it was found that the country faced several resistant to the changes in public administrations. Factors like poor economic policies, international sanctions, little access to finances and external trades, and conflicts between various ethnics possessed resistant to the changes in the public administrations. These factors had also triggered changes within the ministry of trade and industry in the Republic of Kosovo. The ministry of trade and industry had reformed its policies in order to upgrade their economy in the upcoming years. The new policies had agitated the people of Republic of Kosovo and they have resisted to the changes in the policies. As opined by Joireman (2016), it was seen that there was a strong increase in 2000 and 2001in the period of post war. This was due to the post war reconstruction and the assistance provided by the foreign countries. This growth was found to be negative in the year 2002. From the period of 2003 to 2011, there was an upward trajectory of the growth despite declination of the foreign assistance to Republic of Kosovo (Aspridis and Petrelli 2016). This upward trajectory growth was due to the change in public administration, which had invited various reforms in the policies of every departments of Republic of Kosovo (Nagy 2015). The trade and Industry department of Republic of Kosovo had also reformed its terms and conditions. This had invited various countries for foreign direct investment. Countries like if Germany invested 292 million; United Kingdom invested 251 million and Slovenia invested 195 million (Fejza et al 2016). Austria invested 133 million; Switzerland invested 115 million; the Netherlands invested 109 million, Albania invested 70 million, Turkey invested 64 million, the United States invested 31 million, and France invested 5 million (Fejza et al 2016). According to the viewpoint of House (2014), it was seen that Foreign Direct Investment contributes a relatively small amount to the economy to Republic of Kosovo, but it possess an important part in the up gradation of the economy of Republic of Kosovo. Resistance to the change in legal and political factors had resulted in slow system of privatisation prior to independence (Miteva-Kacarski 2016). This had hampered in the progress of the Trade and industry for Republic of Kosovo. As per the viewpoint of Jacobs et al. (2013), Republic of Kosovo houses various young workforces who had been exposed to Western European culture and their linguistic standards are high. These qualities of the people of Republic of Kosovo remained unexplored due to the lack of opportunities of the exposure (Zeqiri and Ahmeti 2013). Despite various resistant to the reforms in public administrations, government took various steps to upgrade their policies and increase the economy of the country (Aspridis and Petrelli 2016). Policies were reformed and the Ministry of Trade and Industry of Republic of Kosovo implemented laws to trade with foreign countries and build industry at Republic of Kosovo (Ramadani et al. 2015). These reforms would lead to more of employment and increase the economy of the country in near future. The government of Republic of Kosovo had to make their people understand about the positive sides of the changes in the public administration (HETZMANN 2014). Eradicating the resistance to the change in public administration would help Republic of Kosovo to upgrade their economy further. The citizens of Kosovo require liberalization in their trade so that they can decrease the imbalance in the trade with foreign countries. Recently, there was an agreement between the European Union and future trade preferences that will provide assistance to the trade between Kosovo and European Union (Ramadani et al. 2015). This assistance would help Republic of Kosovo to strengthen their business and upgrade their economy. The CEFTA Agreement Kosovo has been implemented and it is being used by the country to be in a better situation than before. The ministry of Trade and Industry had been trying to change their policies further in order to have an economically stronger country in near future (Selimi and Pristina 2015). Methodology The research methodology of this topic includes collection of data of the Public administration of Republic of Kosovo for types of resistance to change in Kosovo, how had these changes been motivated and the role of management in creating the resistance in the recent years. This also includes analysis of the collected data and its interpretation. Data collection The method of data collection includes collection of both quantitative and qualitative variables about the Public administration of Republic of Kosovo. This includes collection of data about the types of resistance to change in Kosovo, how had these changes been motivated and the role of management in creating the resistance recently (Nakrois 2015). The data would be collected from the government of Republic of Kosovo (Hendriks 2012). Both qualitative and quantitative data would be collected for these variables (Aspridis and Petrelli 2016). Collecting data for these variables would give an idea about trades and industry in Republic of Kosovo and its change over time (Ramadani et al. 2015). This is because the level of trades and industry of any country gives an idea about the types of resistance to change in Kosovo, how had these changes been motivated and the role of management in creating the resistance of the country. Primary data would be used in order to complete the research. Data would be collected by interviewing the citizens of Republic of Kosovo (Cierco 2013). The citizens would be so chosen who not the natives of Republic of Kosovo are. They would be enquired about the types of rsistance they made to the changes in public administration of Kosovo. They would also be asked about the reason behind the rsistance they made to the changes in public administration of Kosovo. The respondents would be enquired about the difference in their cultures they faced, difference in the communications they faced and the change in their work environment they faced after coming to Kosovo for work (Nakrois 2015). The respondents would be enquired about the role of the management in creating the rsistance. Thus, both qualitative and quantitative data would be collected for the above variables. Methods of analysis The data collected for the survey undergo various methods of analysis. The analysis includes qualitative analysis as well as quantitative analysis. Quantitative analysis includes methods of frequency (Selimi and Pristina 2015). The frequency of the each type of rsistance made by the respondents of Republic of Kosovo would be calculated (Beha 2015). The frequency of the methods of motivations of these changes would be counted (Gro 2015). The types of roles played by the management to create the rsistance would also be analysed by the method of frequency. The degree of resistance made by the workers at Republic of Kosovo, the degree of motivation faced for the rsistance and the degree of the involvement of the management in the resistance to change in public administration would be analysed. These analyses would be done by qualitative analysis methods (Gro and Grimm 2014). These frequencies and the qualitative analysis methods would be used for comparative study for further analysis. Data analysis and interpretation The country had faced various resistant to the change in its public administrations and it had changed various policies regarding the trade and industry within the country. These resistant can be political factors or social factors that prevailed in the country (Zeqiri and Ahmeti 2013). The resistant to the changes in the public administration must have affected the trade and industry of Republic of Kosovo, which in turn had affected the economy of the country (Bajraktari et al. 2014). Collection of the qualitative and quantitative data of the variables mentioned above would an idea about types of resistance to change in Kosovo, how these changes had been motivated and the role of management in creating the resistance (Fejza et al 2016). The frequency methods of study would be used to analyse the collected data and this method would provide the idea about the various types of resistance faced by the government due to the change in public administration in context of the ministry of t rade and industry (Arraiza 2014). The extent of the affect of ministry of trade and industry due to the change and resistant of change in public administration for Republic of Kosovo would be understood from the qualitative analysis (Ramadani et al. 2015). Ethical consideration Various ethics would be considered in order to complete the research. These ethics are important in order to abide by the rights of the citizens. The ethical considerations are given below: Consent/ Assent of the government- The primary data collected from interviewing the citizens of Republic of Kosovo, consent of the respondents must be taken in order to use the collected data and publish them in the research (Fejza et al 2016). Without the consent of the citizens, the researcher might fall into legal trouble if he publishes the data in the research. Confidentiality- The researcher must maintain the confidentiality of any information collected from the respondents if the respondents ask him to do so. This maintains the interest of the respondnets and the researcher as well. Honesty- Another important ethical consideration that must be considered while conducting the research is the honesty of the researcher (Ramadani et al. 2015). The researcher should be honest about the aim of his research. The researcher must tell the respondents about the purpose of the collection of data and present the original purpose of the use (Selimi and Pristina 2015). The use of data and the analysis of the data should not be fake and the researcher should be honest in his approach. Openness- The researcher must be open about the pros and cons of the research when he had collected the data from interviewing the respondents. The researcher should also be open about the various risks present in the research and analysis (Ramadani et al. 2015). He should present these risks, pros and cons to the respondents as the data includes the data collected from interviewing the researcher. Not being open about the aim of the research and the reason behind collecting the primary data from the respondents might lead the researcher into legal trouble. Cultural issues- The researcher must consider the data for various cultures present in Republic of Kosovo. The data should be collected from different regions of Republic of Kosovo and he should not be biased while collecting the data (Aspridis and Petrelli 2016). Objectivity- The objectivity of the researcher must be to avoid biasness in the experiments. The researcher must not have any personal or financial interests in the research. The researcher must be sincere and he should strive for consistency in the research (Zeqiri and Ahmeti 2013). Expected outcome and implications The outcome that is expected from this research is that there are various psychological, sociological and organisational factors that had tigered the resistance to the changes in the public administration of Republic of Kosovo. It is expected that some of the employees could have resigned from their company, some had debarred from doing their work, some have thought of speaking with the management to solve the issues while some have thought to take violence. It is expected that the management of trades and industries and the Ministry of Trade and Industry had played a major role in creating the resistance of change in the public administration of the country. It is also expected that the management of trade and industry of Republic of Kosovo did nto motivate their workers prior to the changes. They had implemented the changes and had forced the workers to follow them. Moreover, the communication gap, cultural and psychological differences had created misunderstanding between the mana gement and the workers, which had created the rsistance in change in the public administration in Republic of Kosovo. References Arraiza, J.M., 2014. Language education policies in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia and Kosovo. Aspridis, G. and Petrelli, M., 2016, February. When the EU met the western Balkans: Ready for the wedding?. InAn Elusive Target: The EU Perspective of the Western Balkans(pp. 144-165). Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH Co. KG. Bajraktari, A., Petutschnigg, A., Ymeri, M., Candan, Z., Korkut, S., Nunes, L. and Pereira, H., 2014. Forest Resources and Sawmill Structure of Kosovo: State of the Art and Perspectives.Drvna industrija,65(4), pp.323-327. Beha, A., 2015. Disputes over the 15-point agreement on normalization of relations between Kosovo and Serbia.Nationalities Papers,43(1), pp.102-121. Cierco, T., 2013. Public administration reform in Macedonia.Communist and Post-Communist Studies,46(4), pp.481-491. Fejza, A., Kryeziu, Z., Kadrija, K. and Musa, M., 2016. Pharmacy students knowledge and attitudes about antibiotics in Kosovo.Pharmacy practice,14(1). Gro, L. and Grimm, S., 2014. The external-domestic interplay in democracy promotion: a case study on public administration reform in Croatia.Democratization,21(5), pp.912-936. Gro, L., 2015. The journey from global to local: norm promotion, contestation and localisation in post-war Kosovo.Journal of International Relations and Development,18(3), pp.311-336. Hendriks, C.J., 2012. Integrated Financial Management Information Systems: Guidelines for effective implementation by the public sector of South Africa.SA journal of information management,14(1), pp.9-pages. HETZMANN, D., 2014. The status of Kosovo from the Kosovar Albanians point of view.Military Science Review/Hadtudomnyi Szemle,7(3). House, F., 2014. Nations in Transit 2014-Kosovo. Jacobs, G., van Witteloostuijn, A. and Christe-Zeyse, J., 2013. A theoretical framework of organizational change.Journal of Organizational Change Management,26(5), pp.772-792. Joireman, S.F., 2016. External Conditionalities and Institutional Change Constructing Constituencies for the Rule of Law in Kosovo.East European Politics Societies,30(2), pp.315-331. Kume, V. and Leskaj, E., 2015. Beyond Organizational Diagnosis, Comparisons between Albania and Kosovo Case of Tax Directorate.Administratie si Management Public, (24), p.26. LonÄ ar, J., 2016. State-building and local resistance in Kosovo: Minority exclusion through inclusive legislation.Communist and Post-Communist Studies. Mehmeti, V.A.L.B.O.N.A., 2014. Improving the Business Climate of Albania EU Integration as a Surrogate for an Efficient Public Administration and Simplified Legal Framework.Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development,1(1), pp.20-25. Miteva-Kacarski, E., 2016. Analysis of the Trade Relations between Republic Of Macedonia and Republic of Kosovo.Journal of Economics,1(1). Nagy, A., 2015. KOSOVO AS A FUTURE MEMBER OF THE WTO.European Scientific Journal. Nakrois, V., 2015. The Influence of Government Priorities on Public-Administration Reforms in Europe1.NISPAcee Journal of Public Administration and Policy,8(1), pp.21-40. Ramadani, V., Gashi, G., Fiti, T. and Humolli, B., 2015. Family Businesses in the Trade Sector: An Examination of a Case Study from Kosovo. InFamily Businesses in Transition Economies(pp. 319-329). Springer International Publishing. Rossi, M., 2014. Ending the impasse in Kosovo: partition, decentralization, or consociationalism?.Nationalities Papers,42(5), pp.867-889. Selimi, B. and Pristina, K., 2015. Illegal Serbian Structures in the Republic of Kosovo Why these structures are illegal and not paralel?. SOTIROPOULOS, D.A., 2013. From an Omnipresent and Strong to a Big and Weak State: Democratization and State Reform in Southeastern.Is Southeastern Europe Doomed to Instability?: A Regional Perspective, p.63. Zeqiri, N. and Ahmeti, F., 2013. Organizational Loyalty and Commitment in Telecommunication Companies: Case of Kosovo.European Journal of Scientific Research (EJSR),115(4). Expected outcome and implications

Battaile D’algiers Position Paper

Battaile D’algiers Position Paper Battaile D’algiers Position Paper One of France’s longest-held overseas territories, Algeria has been thrown into revolt as Algerian nationalists strive for independence. The crucial decolonization effort by the National Liberation Front (FLN) is presently being fought through guerilla warfare between non-French Algerians and the French military. The FLN is the main revolutionary body of Algeria’s nationalist war for independence against France. This party was formed on November 1, 1954 as the merging of several other groups all similarly striving for independence from France. The National Liberation Army (NLA), known as the armed wing of the FLN will serve as the coordinator of the oncoming guerilla operation against the French military and colonists. This guerilla operation will operate as a terror campaign against pieds-noirs civilians, relying on the very belief that sufficiently intense violence will cause French colonists to flee in terror. Nationalist guerillas will specialize in ambushes and nig ht raids, avoiding French firepower in order to compensate for the FLN’s lack of materials and militant force in comparison to the massive French firepower. If the insurrection is not taken seriously enough, then European civilians will be targeted in order to elicit an adverse reaction from the French, which would polarize the Muslim and French communities, converting the insurrection into a nationwide revolution. In order to strengthen the FLN’s efforts against the French, it is possible to seek allies from neighboring Maghreb countries with similar goals for liberation from France such as Morocco and Tunisia. As the revolution progresses, other nationalist groups and leaders have attempted to undermine the efforts of the FLN and continue to do so. A particular rival of the FLN, Messali Hadj, is a nationalist politician dedicated to seeking the independence of Algeria, but seeks revenge for the initiation of the War of Independence without his consult. Hadj has formed the Algerian National Movement (ANM) as an organization designed to counter the efforts of the FLN, and some suspect it is partly financed by France in order to further counteract the FLN. Such rival nationalist organizations pose a significant potential threat to the future of the FLN, considering that the FLN does not have substantial enough support by Algerian civilians. In order to secure the FLN’s political future, rival organization efforts must be vanquished, and the support of the people insured. However,

7 Essential Details to Include in Your Research Proposal

7 Essential Details to Include in Your Research Proposal 7 Essential Details to Include in Your Research Proposal What’s that? You’re planning to study a PhD and you have a great idea for some groundbreaking research in the field of [insert subject of choice here]? But you’re not sure what to include in your research proposal? Well, you’ve come to the right place! In the following, we set out the seven essential elements of a research proposal. 1. Title Are we stating the obvious by saying you need a working title? Maybe. The point is that your title should be clear but memorable, quickly telling your reader what your research is about. 2. Introduction Every research proposal should begin by introducing the subject area and the specific problem your research will address. This sets the tone for the rest of your proposal and is therefore your only opportunity to make a good first impression, so make sure it’s well organized and informative. 3. Literature Review A research proposal doesn’t usually include a full literature review, but you should provide an overview of key studies in your field. Doing this supplies the reader with vital background information, helping them understand how your study will add to existing research. Following in the footsteps of Ben Franklin, my study will involve tying stuff to kites and angering Zeus. 4. Aims and Objectives Once you’ve established your research problem, your proposal should outline a set of aims and objectives. The distinction here is as follows: Your research aim is the broad expected outcome of the study and what you hope the research will achieve overall; Your research objectives are narrower and more focused, with each one detailing how you will meet the overall study aims. If required, you should also state the hypotheses your research will test. 5. Methodology Make sure to identify the methods you intend to use in the study, especially if you’re conducting experimental research. This will include things like whether you’re using a qualitative or quantitative approach, equipment, ethical concerns, and sampling and analysis techniques. Try to be as descriptive as possible, which may include justifying why you’ve chosen to use certain methods over alternative options. I chose to use lasers because lasers are awesome, dude! Science Bro, shortly before a laser-related injury. 6. Scope of Research A common mistake when writing a PhD proposal is failing to consider the scope of the research. Remember that you’ll be working with limited time and resources, so your study should be something you can realistically complete within these constraints. The proposal should therefore include something about what your work will focus on and what it leaves unaddressed, as well as any limitations to the methods adopted. 7. Outline and Timetable Finally, a good research proposal will also include a chapter outline and a timetable. The chapter outline sets out how you intend to structure the final dissertation, noting what each section will cover and how it fits into your overall argument. The timetable, meanwhile, will set out a step-by-step plan of when you expect to finish each stage of your study, including everything from initial research to writing up your results. Try to be a bit more specific than this. Doing this shows that you’ve considered the practical side of conducting research, making your proposal more convincing as a result.

Letter Response to Customer Complaint Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Letter Response to Customer Complaint - Essay Example Pursuant to your rights as enunciated in the DPA and in accordance with our commitment to provide you with the best service we can give, upon receiving your letter, the customer support department has immediately processed your request. Rest assured that we do not intent to contravene nor circumvent the clear mandate of the law. We have endeavored to process and comply with your request within 40 days as you requested, and we apologize for whatever unforeseen delay that may have occurred. In any case, we are attaching with this letter your financial statements for the past six years in case you haven't received them yet. We understand from your letter that there is discrepancy in the financial statements between the actual charges for the period of April 2001- April 2002 period totals 1,571.09 and the estimated charges which amount to 5,000. We assure you that the discrepancy will be resolved at the soonest possible time.

Research paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 12

Research paper - Essay Example A good swimming technique relies on the efficiency of one’s power transfer process by overcoming drag. Moreover, deriving maximum energy output from the effort put in is mainly the essence for swimmers to improve their performance in competitive swimming. The discussion provides a detailed technical analysis of swimming strokes – freestyle, backstroke, and butterfly, along with a review of the biomechanical principles related to each of those strokes. Furthermore, suggestions of drills or exercises for improving the favorite stroke of backstroke, based on the technical and biomechanical aspects, will also be critiqued. The basic swimming strokes of Freestyle, Backstroke, and Butterfly stroke are taken for analysis focusing on its biomechanics and technical aspects. Freestyle is generally the fastest and most popular stroke, with front crawl being the most commonly chosen among swimmers. That is, although swimmers or in particular ones in competition can choose whatever stroke they wish during the freestyle, mostly they choose front crawl which involves the swimmer circling his/her arms forward in alternation even while kicking their foots up and down. Next, the Backstroke, or otherwise the elementary backstroke is perfect for recreational and competitive arena. In this swimming stroke, the individual lies right on his back in the supine position on water and the strokes are done with one arm at a time. Last, the butterfly stroke is done on the breast, by moving both the arms and is accompanied by the dolphin kick. Unlike the other strokes, butterfly stroke is quite difficult and requires adequate practice with proper technique and strong muscle coordination. Freestyle, being the fastest stroke, would clearly improve one’s speed in swimming and this stroke is quite essential for lifeguard practices. As above-mentioned, it is characterized by stroking of the arms alternatively over the water surface, accompanied with alternating flutter kick in an

Digital Evidence and Social Media Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Digital Evidence and Social Media - Article Example The case of Governor Chris is one where digital evidence served to show his vengeance against the mayor of the city. In the case, emails were released as prove that Governor Chris did orchestrate massive traffic issues in Fort Lee in New Jersey. The incident was an act of retribution that had some political connections. The release of the emails as that were evident as part of the investigations about the allegations did spiral into a major political scandal because of the weight of credibility that they carry. In dealing with digital evidence, it is noteworthy to know that electronic activities leave a sequence of footprints (Kizza, 2010). Therefore, it is very easy too although trying to find some specific evidence may seem quite laborious because of the volumes involved. In the case of Governor Chris, he used emails in order to plan his revenge activities. The incident led to the closure of access lanes leading to a massive traffic jam. Although the port authority managed to justify the decision by claiming that it was conducting a traffic study, the latter justify the incident. There was the retrieval of the emails used to make the orchestrations sent directly from the Governor and they formed the basis of filing a scandal against him. When working with digital evidence, no doubt one has to ensure a lot of care because the evidence is very volatile. The previewing and acquiring of data may potentially disturb the data to the extent of changing its status thus causing some doubts concerning his credibility. Therefore, one has to follow some logical steps in order to ensure that the evidence is intact (Kizza, 2010). In the case against Governor Chris, Wildstein did provide a number of emails that Chris’s staff sent to state lawmakers’ panel that was investigating the closures.  

Vector And Raster Data In Gis Computer Science Essay

Vector And Raster Data In Gis Computer Science Essay A Geographical Information System (GIS) is a method of spatially storing, analysing, manipulating, managing and displaying geographical data. GIS data represents real objects such as roads, rivers, urban areas, place names, railway, places of interest, town names etc. with digital data determining the mix. A geodatabase is a database that is in some way referenced to locations on earth. Traditionally, there are two broad methods used to store data in a GIS; raster images and vector. Ordnance Survey Ireland (OSI) data is supplied in both Vector and Raster format. In both cases the data is geo-referenced. VECTOR AND RASTER DATA Vector data is split into three types; polygon, line (or arc) and point data. Vector is a method for storing spatial data involving assigning coordinates for each entity; an X,Y, Z for a point, a pair of such points for a line and a series of such lines for a polygon. This method is very useful for modeling discrete physical features. Different geographical features are expressed by different types of geometry: Points A point is a zero-dimensional abstraction of an object represented by a single X, Y co-ordinate. It is normally used to represent a geographic feature too small to be displayed as a line or an area (e.g. location of a building on a small scale map or, for example, cities on a map of the world might be represented by points not polygons). No measurements are possible with point features. Figure 1- Vector representation Source: http://www.geom.unimelb.edu.au/gisweb/GISModule/GIST_Vector.html Lines or polylines A set of co-ordinates that represent the shape of geographic features that are too narrow to be displayed as an area, such as, county boundary lines or contours. At small scales geographic features may have no area, e.g. streams or streets and may be represented as linear features rather than as a polygon. Line features can measure distance. Polygons Polygons are used to represent areas. Such as lakes, park boundaries or land uses etc. Polygons convey the most amount of information of the file types and can measure perimeter and area. Rigaux et al. (2002:p.38) states, A point is represented by its pair of coordinates, whereas more complex linear and surfacic objects are represented by structures (lists, sets, arrays) on the point representation. These geometries can be linked to a row in a database that describes their attributes. For example, a database that describes lakes may contain a lakes depth, water quality, pollution level. Different geometries can also be compared and the GIS could be used, for example, to identify all wells (point geometry) that are within one kilometre of a lake (polygon geometry) that has a high level of pollution. Vector data can be displayed at any scale and individual layers (e.g. roads, buildings, etc) can be displayed or omitted (see Appendix A). Raster Ellis states that raster is a method for the storage, processing and display of spatial data. There are three types of raster datasets; thematic data, spectral data and pictures. Raster data consists of rows and columns of cells, with each cell storing a single value. Raster data can be images containing individual dots with colour values, called cells (or pixels), arranged in a rectangular evenly spaced array. Each cell must be rectangular in shape, but not necessarily square (Ellis 2001). Each cell within this matrix contains location co-ordinates as well as an attribute value. The spatial location of each cell is implicitly contained within the ordering of the matrix, unlike a vector structure which stores topology explicitly. Areas containing the same attribute value are recognised as such, however, raster structures cannot identify the boundaries of areas such as polygons. Raster data is an abstraction of the real world where spatial data is expressed as a matrix of cells or pixels with spatial position implicit in the ordering of the pixels. With the raster data model, spatial data is not continuous but divided into discrete units. Ellis states that this makes raster data particularly suitable for certain types of spatial operation, for example overlays or area calculations. Raster structures may lead to increased storage in certain situations, since they store each cell in the matrix regardless of whether it is a feature or simply empty space. Additional values recorded for each cell may be a discrete value, such as land use, a continuous value, such as temperature, or a null value if no data is available. While a raster cell stores a single value, it can be extended by using raster bands to represent RGB (red, green, blue) colours, colour maps (a mapping between a thematic code and RGB value), or an extended attribute table with one row for each unique cell value. The resolution of the raster data set is its cell width in ground units. Anyone who is familiar with digital photography will recognize the Raster graphics pixel as the smallest individual grid unit building block of an image, usually not readily identified as an artifact shape until an image is produced on a very large scale (see Appendix B). A combination of the pixels making up an image colour formation scheme will compose details of an image, as is distinct from the commonly used points, lines, and polygon area location symbols of vector graphics. Aerial photographs and satellite images are examples of raster images used in mapping. Figure 2 Aerial Photo Digitally scanned and ortho-rectified raster colour photography. The ortho-rectification process removes distortions caused by camera tilt and topographical features to produce a scale accurate image. Source: OSI Raster data is stored in various formats; from a standard file-based structure of TIF, JPEG, etc. to binary large object data stored directly in a relational database management system. Raster v Vector There are some important advantages and disadvantages to using a raster or vector data model to represent reality: Vector graphics are usually more aesthetically pleasing. Raster data will appear as an image that may have a blocky appearance for object boundaries (depending on the resolution of the raster file). Vector data is simpler to update and maintain, whereas a raster image will have to be completely reproduced (e.g. a new road is added). Vector data allows much more analysis capability, especially for networks such as roads, rail, telecommunications etc. Distances and areas can be calculated automatically. With raster data it is difficult to adequately represent linear features depending on the cell resolution. Therefore, network linkages are difficult to establish. Vector files require less disk storage space than raster data. Raster data allows easy implementation of overlay operations, which are more difficult with vector data. Raster data structure allows simple spatial analysis procedures An outline of the application of vector and raster data by OSI in Ireland is included in Appendix C. Non-spatial data Relating the spatial component along with the non-spatial attributes of the existing data e.g. census figures (see Appendix D) enhances the users understanding and gives new insights into the patterns and relationships in the data that otherwise would not be found. Non-spatial data can be stored along with the spatial data represented by the coordinates of vector geometry or the position of a raster cell. In vector data, the additional data contains attributes of the feature. In raster data the cell value can store attribute information, but it can also be used as an identifier that can relate to records in another table. Software is currently being developed to support the solutions to spatial problems being integrated with solutions to non-spatial problems. This will result in non experts using GIS to integrate spatial and non spatial criteria to view solutions to complex problems and to assist in decision-making. Data capture The processes of data collection are also variously referred to as data capture, data automation, data conversion, data transfer, data translation, and digitizing. The two main types of data capture are: Primary data sources e.g. those collected in digital format specifically for use in a GIS project. Secondary sources, digital and analog datasets that were collected for a different purpose and need to be converted into a suitable digital format for use in a GIS project. For vector data capture the two main branches are ground surveying and GPS. Survey data can be directly entered into a GIS from digital data collection systems on survey instruments. Positions from a Global Navigation Satellite System like Global Positioning System (GPS), another survey tool, can also be directly entered into a GIS. New technologies allow creating maps as well as analysis directly in the field and as a result projects are more efficient and mapping is more accurate. Remotely sensed data also plays an important role in data collection and consists of sensors (e.g. cameras, digital scanners) attached to a platform which usually consist of aircraft and satellites. The majority of digital data currently comes from photo interpretation of aerial photographs. Workstations are used to digitize features directly from stereo pairs of digital photographs. These systems allow data to be captured in two and three dimensions, with elevations measured directly from a stereo pair using principles of photogrammetry. Photographs are collected by analog or optical cameras before being entered into a soft copy system, but as high quality digital cameras become cheaper this step will be eliminated. Satellite remote sensing provides another important source of spatial data. Remote sensing collects raster data that can be further processed to identify objects and classes of interest, such as forested areas. The disadvantages are that the resolution is often too course or sensors are restricted by cloud cover. Entering data into GIS usually requires editing, to remove errors, or further processing. For vector data it must be made topologically correct before it can be used for some advanced analysis. For example, in a road network, lines must connect with nodes at an intersection. For scanned maps, blemishes on the source map may need to be removed from the resulting raster. To ensure that the data is specific and reliable and that represents as closely as possible the spatial world we live in, it requires a quality insurance process to manage completeness, validity, logical consistency, physical consistency, referential integrity and positional accuracy of data. Raster-to-vector translation Vectorisation is the process of converting raster data into vector data. For example, a GIS may be used to convert a satellite image map to a vector structure by generating lines around all cells with the same classification, while determining the cell spatial relationships. One of the biggest problems with data obtained from external sources is that they can be encoded in many different formats. Many tools have been developed to move data between systems and to reuse data through open application programming interfaces. Therefore, a GIS must be able to convert geographic data from one structure to another. CONCLUSION When data is captured, the user should consider if the data should be captured with either a relative accuracy or absolute accuracy, as this could not only influence how information will be interpreted but also the cost of data capture. Vector data can be manipulated, layers can be turned on and off, data can be edited or deleted and additional data can be added in. Raster data is usually used as a background map. Raster is not as intelligent as Vector, Rigaux et al. (2002: p.39) states the structure is unfortunately not powerful enough to ensure the correctness of the representation. It is more useful as a display map for brochures, internet and power point presentations. Oosterom Van, P.J. (1993:p.vii) states the ever increasing availabilitiy of hardware such as digitizers, scanners workstations, graphic displays, printers and plotters for the input, processing, and output of geographic data only partly explains the growing interest in GISs. GIS allows us to view, understand, question, interpret, and visualise data in many ways that reveal relationships, patterns, and trends in the form of maps, globes, reports, and charts. GIS helps one answer questions and solve problems by looking at data in a way that is quickly understood and easily shared. Figure 3 GIS continues to evolve Source: Cummens 2010 ERSI Many forces are converging transforming how we work and improving efficiency and decision making (see Fig. 3 above). GIS Is becoming Mainstream Technology going beyond focused applications (Cummens 2010). GIS is helping citizens, business and Government by improving planning, management, communications and decision making. REFERENCES Cummens, Patricia (2010) Geographic Information Enabling a Smarter Government and Economy at the SCS Conference 2010. ESRI. Ellis, F. (2001) Introduction to GIS. Melbourne: University of Melbourne. Oosterom Van, P.J. (1993) Reactive Data Structures for Geographic Information Systems. New York: Oxford University Press. Rigaux, P., Scholl, M., Voisard, A (2002) Spatial Databases with Applications to GIS. San Fransisco: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers. http://www.osi.ie/en/academic/third-level-and-academic.aspx?article=4bf958eb-bf0b-4b28-a0d9-24586fadbaab Accessed 27/10/2010

The Writitng of Ambrose Bierce Essay -- Papers Writing Style Amrbose B

The writing style of Ambrose Bierce can simply be described as bitter. Almost all of his stories had some sort of irony or plot twist that made his stories interesting. Events in his life have shaped his view on the world. This viewpoint extends into his writing when he looks at the bitter side of the world in most of his stories and also the aspect of death. In the stories An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge and A Watcher by the Dead, he uses irony and examines death. Along with his patented irony, Bierce uses death in many of his popular stories, possibly as a wish for himself. His lonely and tragic life caused him to be the bitter writer we know today. Ambrose Gwinett Bierce was born on June 24, 1842 in a log cabin in Meigs County, Ohio. He was the youngest of nine children and was born into a poor family with an odd father. Bierce did not enjoy his childhood and ended up hating his entire family except for one brother. His preference for aristocratic heroes probably came from his troubled childhood and class status. His future bitterness may have come from the difficulties he had when he was a child (Fadiman XI). Before he started his writing career Bierce served in the army during the Civil War, first as a drummer boy. By then end of the Civil War he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant, being wounded only once in the war. There is no evidence that he agreed with the aims of the North, but there is some evidence that he sided more with the aristocratic planter culture of the South. While he was in the army, Bierce was considered a man that possessed qualities of leadership that promoted him through the ranks. Bierce joined the war at a very young age, and seeing the worst of mankind of that time could hav... ...his experiences with the elite of San Francisco. He always hated the way he was brought up and how he was poor as a child. Many of his stories use characters that are opposite of how his childhood in reality was, in order to create a false past. All of his stories used at least one of these aspects (Epstein 87-89) Ambrose Bierce can be considered one the greatest cynics of all time. It is obvious that the events in his life caused him to be the bitter, cynical person we see in his stories. In an article relating to how Ambrose Bierce started the cynical, ironic writing in America, Joseph Epstein says, â€Å"If the Civil War may be said to have put the blackening on Bierce’s outlook, his career in journalism supplied the polish (Epstein 86).† Every event in his life, from his troubled youth, to his Civil War experience, led him to the writer he is known as today.

Internet Does Harm Than Good

The Internet is a web that connects all the computers in the world. It's a good way to connect with people; without the internet people can lose their connections. For me the internet doesn't bring any harm to the world. In contrary with it the people move much faster in every way. Instead i think that is the people that use it are the ones that bring harm to the world . Not only the people but the way they use it. People bring cyber bullying, murders, verbal harm and more to the Internet.In my school there was a case of cyber bullying were one person did an account on facebook; this person put a random name and started insulting people. My grade started to be more away from each other; there were more little groups of people than before. This shows how via the Internet a person broke the unity of a group of people. I do believe The Internet brings more harm than good. There are a lot of people connecting but there is also millions of cases of people being harmed on the Internet. )Th e Internet's definition by wikipedia is a â€Å"network of networks†. The Internet has brought a lot of good points, but as with any tool, I would like to add that misuse has made the Internet bad. Remember, the Internet is a useful tool, but all that glitters is not gold. Firstly, the Internet is a place which is NOT safe for children. This is basically because of threats of pop-ups, pornography and scams that can trick the child. The Internet is not only an unsafe place for children, but also a bad influence to young teenagers.Pornography from the Internet is leading to the rise of a society of perverts, paedophiles and freaks, who are unable to contain their sexual desires. The number of rape cases this year in Malaysia alone has shocked officials and even the Prime Minister. Teenagers are the group targeted by the Internet. 28% of teenagers globally watch pornography. This might be a minority of people, but the way Internet has affected us in such a way is shocking. The b ad effect on the younger generation, our future leaders, is undeniable.Do keep in mind that the presence of â€Å"net-nannies† and safesearch programs does not deter our children as 20% of the so called â€Å"bad† side of the Internet is overlooked by safesearch programs. However, 10% of non-harmful content such as â€Å"breast cancer† on the internet is filtered by the safesearches used to deter pornography. 3)Harm – Visiting inappropriate site. – Involved with E-Bullying. – Privacy is being compromised by the ever increasing storage of personal data on servers. – The Internet can be used for crime as well as legal activities.

Renaissance Beauty and Art essays

Renaissance Beauty and Art essays Renaissance Beauty as Portrayed Through Artwork Donatellos bronze David is a paramount example of Renaissance beauty as portrayed through art. Donatello was one of the most important and influential fifteenth century masters. His bronze rendition of David was an enigma that was unlike Donatellos, or any of his predecessors prior works. It differentiated in its style, which incorporated a new use of aesthetics that had not been seen since antiquity, and also strayed from the idea that the human body was the wellspring of sin. Though the sculpture can be seen as beauty in the grotesque, with foot propped atop Goliaths severed head, the whole nature of David is tame, unthreatening, even homoerotic. Donatellos uses the natural form of contrapposto, shows life like anatomy of the human form, and adds a hint of romantic charm which lies in the hat on Davids head, showing the Renaissance influence on a biblical legend. Vasario said that Donatellos David is a sculpture whose figure is so natural in its vivacity, and in the softness of the flesh, that it seems to the artificers as though it must be cast from life. David is unlike any sculpture before that time for that exact reason. As his works are examined, David stands out simply for its classical style, which was not the usual style of sculpting. Donatellos bronze David is a magnificent celebration of the beauty of the male form, and an immaculate portrayal of Renaissance beauty as portrayed through artwork. ...

What a Fulgurite Is and How To Make One

What a Fulgurite Is and How To Make One The word fulgurite comes from the Latin word  fulgur, which means thunderbolt.  A fulgurite or petrified lightning  is a glass tube formed when electricity strikes sand. Usually, fulgurites are hollow, with a rough exterior and smooth interior. Lightning from thunderstorms makes most fulgurites, but they also form from atomic blasts, meteor strikes and from man-made high voltage devices falling onto the ground. Fulgurite Chemistry Fulgurites typically form in sand, which is mostly silicon dioxide. The melted sand forms a glass that is called lechatelierite. Lechatelierite is an amorphous material that is considered to be a mineraloid, similar to obsidian. Fulgurites come in a range of colors, including translucent white, tan, black and green. The coloration comes from impurities in the sand. Make a Fulgurite - Safe Method Fulgurites occur naturally, but there are a couple of ways you can make petrified lightning yourself.  Dont put yourself at risk of a lightning strike! The best way to make a fulgurite is to be safely indoors when its stormy outside. Check the weather forecast to find out when lightning activity is expected. Radar is good or refers to special maps for your area that record lightning strikes. You must complete preparation for a fulgurite several hours (or longer) before the storm arrives.Drive a lightning rod or length of rebar into the sand about 12 inches to 18 inches and extending up into the air. You can set up colored sand or some granular mineral besides quartz sand if you prefer. There is no guarantee lightning will strike your lightning rod, but you improve your chances if you select an open area where the metal is higher than the surroundings. Choose an area far from people, animals or structures.When lightning approaches, be far away from your fulgurite project! Do not check on whether you make a fulgurite until several hours after the storm has passed.The rod and sand will be extremely hot after a lightning strike. Use care when checking for a fulgurite so that you dont burn yourself. Fulgurites are fra gile, so dig around it to expose it before removing it from the surrounding sand. Rinse excess sand with running water. Rocket Fulgurites You can go the Ben Franklin route making a fulgurite by drawing the lightning down to a bucket of sand. This method involves launching a D model rocket toward a thunderhead that is estimated to be due to discharge. A spool of thin copper wire connects the bucket to the rocket. While said to be quite successful, this method is extraordinarily dangerous because the lightning doesnt just follow the wire back to the bucket. It additionally follows the wire and the area around it back to the trigger used to launch the rocket... and you! Simulated Lightning Fulgurites A safer, though someone expensive method, is to use an xfmr or transformer to force man-made lightning into silica or another oxide. This technique fuses the sand into lechatelierite, although it is much more difficult to achieve the branched effect seen in natural fulgurites.

Direct advertising Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Direct advertising - Dissertation Example Literature Review Direct Advertising There is a clear need for highly targeted marketing activities within the Internet environment. The Internet is a collection of smaller submarkets where developing and maintaining relationships with online customers generates sales, regenerates sales and subsequently profits (Norwood et al. n.d). However, applying this kind of marketing approach is not as simple as it looks. The online marketers may understand that marketing online only includes one-to-one promotion. The difficulty may be that the statistical data of the online consumers do not favour relationship building: 88 percent own a home computer and 67 percent of Internet newcomers are male, 39 percent have a college degree and 17 percent live in householders with only incomes of $ 80,000 or more (Norwood et al. n.d). Moreover, the reports suggest that the online consumers could be identified as impatient, having no particular allegiance to any particular websites. And more specifically, the on line users can be described as ‘switchers’, empowered to choose which site they want to visit so that when encountered with a barrage of on-line advertising, they simply switch to another website. This could subsequently be said that the on-line consumer may not prefer to enter into a relationship. In addition to that, there is a strong perception that a considerable number of online users and consumers believe that they the promotions through direct advertising cannot be relied as the frequency of fraud cases have enhanced to a dangerous level. Given these circumstances, the task of constructing and maintaining long term on line relationships has become a biggest challenge ever faced by the marketers. The key is to secure customer loyalty which would... This "Direct advertising" essay outlines the usefulness of this type of ad for companies and its effectiveness. Applying this kind of marketing approach is not as simple as it looks. The online marketers may understand that marketing online only includes one-to-one promotion. The difficulty may be that the statistical data of the online consumers do not favour relationship building: 88 percent own a home computer and 67 percent of Internet newcomers are male, 39 percent have a college degree and 17 percent live in householders with only incomes of $ 80,000 or more. The reports suggest that the online consumers could be identified as impatient, having no particular allegiance to any particular websites. And more specifically, the online users can be described as ‘switchers’, empowered to choose which site they want to visit so that when encountered with a barrage of on-line advertising, they simply switch to another website. This could subsequently be said that the on-lin e consumer may not prefer to enter into a relationship. In addition to that, there is a strong perception that a considerable number of online users and consumers believe that they the promotions through direct advertising cannot be relied as the frequency of fraud cases have enhanced to a dangerous level. Given these circumstances, the task of constructing and maintaining long term on line relationships has become a biggest challenge ever faced by the marketers. The key is to secure customer loyalty which would bring increased shareholder value and asset efficiency.

Management principle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Management principle - Essay Example Leadership is essential in management as it spells out a clear vision that others work towards and formulates the strategies of realising that dream. Management can only be easy and effective if people work together and have the same purpose (Bolman, 2013:78). Efficiency holds time and task into consideration as activities in the organisation are undertaken while effectiveness focuses more on the impact of the activity or the result it has yielded. Efficiency is all about the cost and process under which the task was operated while effectiveness is about the result the activity has produced. In the modern society it would be better for an organisation if it can have both efficiency and effectiveness in its operations but if both can’t be achieved the ‘effectiveness’ is much preferred. This is because in these modern times no one would want to rush things over and end up with a poor result. It would rather be a little bit slow but produce real results. Saving cost should only be if the result is guaranteed and that the reason why technology is expensive but it guarantees good results (Chermack, 2011:55). Centralisation and decentralisation are two opposing business structures based on power to make decisions. In centralised organisations, directives and decisions to the conduct and activities in that organisation are made by a single individual probably the business proprietor like in tiny business while decentralisation is the vesting of power to make decisions and provide management directives on different people in the company such as the departmental managers among others (Chermack, 2011:44). This structural outline varies depending on the business or company. Formal planning is the clearly lucid and well thought-out and prepared ideas about individual or organisational objectives and precisely spelt out methods and procedures of achieving them

ESOLLinguistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ESOLLinguistics - Essay Example Furthermore, written text production is always part of the general dynamics of human behavior. People write (or speak) because they want to achieve particular goals in particular situations in a particular way, or because they cannot achieve them in nonlinguistic ways. Consequently, written text production should not (only) be reconstructed as the outcome of separate subsystems, but its theoretical reconstruction must show the greatest possible compatibility with the relevant processes investigated in general psychology (i.e., with perceptive, cognitive, motivational and emotional processes). Basically, Writing is a demanding cognitive activity, yet some people appear to write without great effort. Writing involves both engagement (the direct recording of conceptual associations) and reflection (the deliberate and cognitively demanding process of re-representing embedded processes and exploring cognitive structures). An engaged writer who has created an appropriate context and constraints can be carried along by the flow of mental association, without deliberative effort. Most writing involves deliberate planning, but also makes use of chance discovery. The products of engaged writing become source material to inspire and constrain deliberate planning.

Should the Government ban smoking Essay Example for Free

Should the Government ban smoking Essay The hazards of smoking have become very clear in the last few years and the public has started working towards changing societal norms associated with smoking. Awareness about second hand smoking has also risen considerably and efforts are being made to protect residents from it. However, communities alone cannot bring such a drastic change. The government needs to play a key role in protecting the health of its citizens by introducing various laws and legislation that will discourage smoking. Firstly, smoking needs to be discouraged because various researches and studies have proven that passive smoking has killed 35,000 to 40,000 people per year in the United States alone in the early 1980’s. These passive smokers also put up with an immeasurable cost of lower quality of life and a shorter life span. Tobacco can be blamed for more deaths of Americans each year as compared to deaths caused by alcohol, cocaine, crack, heroin, homicide, suicide, car accidents, fires and aids combined. The combined loss of lives each year due to smoking was approximately equal to the lives lost in the World War II. Non-smokers living with smokers also suffer from an increased risk of death from heart attacks, strokes or heart diseases. Children are highly vulnerable to diseases caused by second-hand smoking. Children under the age of two years can develop chest infections, asthma and other respiratory problems due to second hand smoking. Secondly, smoking also costs the government millions of dollars in terms of smoking related treatment at government hospitals. Small and large businesses suffer from lost productivity because of the countless breaks and absenteeism of chain smokers. Cigarette smoking cost the U. S almost $52 billion in health expenses or time lost from work, about $221 per person, each year. Another disturbing consequence of smoking areS accidental fires resulting from smoking on public or private property. According to an estimate, 25% of residential fires were caused by smokers. It is a government priority to protect the nation’s health and safety. This can only be accomplished by raising taxes on cigarettes and making smoking a more expensive habit. The government can spend a portion of its budget on anti smoking campaigns or public service announcement. Guidance and counseling must be provided free of cost which can help people quit this disgusting habit. Smokers should be required to contribute to the cost of smoking related treatment. Above all, government should pass a resolution which forces restaurants, bars and clubs need to restrict smoking to particular areas only. Advertisement and television shows that promote the habit of smoking or make it look cool to teenagers need to be banned so that vulnerable teenagers, women and various minorities belonging to low income groups do not fall prey to smoking. This is the only way the government can promote a just, supportive, and productive environment which adds to the social and economic well-being of all Americans.

Cause And Effects Of Smog Pollution Environmental Sciences Essay

Cause And Effects Of Smog Pollution Environmental Sciences Essay Smog pollution is a major problem that this planet is suffering from everyday. It has affected our homes, weather, and health. It is a very dangerous situation for us if we do not do anything about it. Smog pollution is caused by chemicals, automobiles, factories and corporations. The greatest thing we can do as a society is try to find a way to help prevent and stop smog pollution. If the people on this planet do not do anything to stop smog pollution we are going to have a BIG problem and it will hurt us in the future. We need a plan and we need to put a stop to smog pollution. The American Lung Association (ALA) has been trying to find ways to help stop and prevent smog pollution from hurting us and the environment. If we can just do our part and find a way to prevent this problem from getting any bigger, it will benefit us all. We all have heard of smog pollution, but do we really know what it is. Smog pollution has many causes that can be hazardous and dangerous to our health and well being. The term smog pollution is also known as photochemical smog. It is formed by the interaction with sunlight with different types of chemicals in earths atmosphere (Oblack). The main component of smog pollution or photochemical pollution is ozone. Ozone is in the earths stratosphere, which the shields the earth from dangerous UV radiation from the sun. The problem with ozone is when it touches down on the earths surface it can be very dangerous and can cause serious health problems for people on the planet (Oblack). The ground level ozone is made by the emissions of automobiles that put nitrogen oxide into the air, which is caused by the vehicles exhaust fumes (Oblack). The organic components from the fumes combined with the ozone and fume evaporation that combines with sunlight, causes smog pollution on the planet (Oblack). Many people try to find ways to help avoid smog in a more planet friendly environment, so some people use substitutes for their everyday use. There is just one problem with that, and that is the sun. Many people dont understand that sunlight and warm climates cause pollution. For example, places like California, Florida, and Arizona and even North America are some of the most polluted places in the country (Oblack). Another problem that causes an increase in smog pollution is the increased usage of fossil fuels for industrial, heating, and of course transportation purposes (All that smog). Also, cutting down, burning trees, and disposing of agricultural and organic waste can also lead to emissions of smog pollution and harmful problems for the planet (All that Smog). Sunlight mixed with different types of dangerous chemicals (se condary pollution) also makes it difficult to stop smog pollution from occurring on the surface of the planet (All that Smog), which creates another big problem. Climate is a major factor for the cause of smog pollution. Many places in the world can try to be more environmental friendly to help save our planet. Some people ride bicycles instead of driving cars. Other people try to reduce their use of using fire to warm themselves. The only problem that these people cannot get away from is something that they cannot control, and that is the sun. California is ranked in the top 10 most polluted areas in the United States. Ozone pollution that is caused by the sun has a major affect on this planet. Smog and air pollution is having a serious impact on the environment and can condemn all ecosystems (seirraclub). The reason why the sun causes so many problems is because the ozone layer that is supposed to protect planet earth is practically destroyed. Without the protection, the sun is able to shine radiation onto the planet and is the main reason for many health issues that people go through every day. Issues like skin cancer, radiation poisoning, and sun burn are having fatal affects on people. This type of pollution not only harms humans, but it can also harm wild life and the environment. Smog can harm different plants, which can lead to damaging consequences. Because the plants are damaged, it makes it hard for plants to make and save food for themselves in their living environment (seirraclub). In addition, the sun and smog can destroy leaves and plants it would make many of the plants vulnerable to getting diseases. And, they cannot defend themselves from different types of bugs and insects that can cause a huge decrease in plant life (seirraclub). Smog pollution is a yearly problem for places like Texas, Georgia, Florida, and many other southern and sunny parts of the world, but there is also a big increase in smog pollution in the summer (seirraclub). This is caused by strong sunlight that burns the earths surface. However, the one thing that is helping smog pollution is all of the problems that are on this planet. A ll of the power plants, automobile emissions, industrial, and chemical vapors are other causes of pollution (seirraclub). Climate changes are part of the problem as well. Within the months of June, July, and August, it makes it harder to try and control the smog pollution, due to the sun. This planet has gone through billions of years of evolution. It survived dinosaurs, the ice age, and the black plague, but because of smog pollution this planet might not be able to survive this new attack. A major problem smog pollution is causing is health concerns for the public. Smog pollution is affecting human health because it is making it harder to breathe the smog induced air. Because of this and sun radiation, this is resulting in many fatalities, including skin and lung cancer. Peoples lungs and hearts can be dangerously affected by smog and air pollution (Oblack). Many people are still skeptical about smog pollution, but one thing that is known is long term exposure can result in dangerous and even fatal heath affects to people (Oblack). Some of the long term affects caused by exposure to smog pollution are problems breathing, coughing, wheezing, pneumonia, bronchitis, inflammation of the pulmonarys, lung cancer, heart problems, asthma like symptoms, pre mature aging of lungs, and last, but not least, death (Oblack). Smog pollution, even in small doses, can be very dangerous and harmful to all people. The American Lung Association estimated that 48 percent of people in the w orld live with very high levels of smog (seirraclub). Even though exposure to smog is dangerous, there are three types of people who can be severely damaged from smog, which include children, the elderly, and people with respiratory problems (seirraclub). The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has created the Air Quality Index which lets you check the air density and pollution level around your areas (seirraclub). Furthermore, The Department of Motor vehicles have been trying to develop a plan to reduce vehicle emission and try to improve on air quality for the planet and help save the planet (Malone). The DMV has also been trying to encourage the residents of the United States to help stop smog. They are trying to do their part by asking people to report anyone who has visible exhaust coming out of their automobiles (Malone). If we can all do our fair share and help support this plan we can be able to help stop smog pollution. In all, smog pollution is a major concern for our environment and this planet. If we do not find a way to try and stop smog pollution, we will have many more health problems. Fortunately, there are people who are trying to find ways to stop smog pollution. Many people who are trying to create plans that can help bring this planet back to a healthier state. In 1996, smoking vehicle program was passed that stated that anyone who sees smoking exhaust coming from cars, trucks, or any other motor vehicles were to voluntarily report it to the authorities as a way of preventing polluted air (Malone). It is also there to help educate people about smog pollution and what they can do to help stop it (Malone). The American Lung Association (ALA) also came up with certain help to bring attention to the issue of smog pollution. They advised people to pay more attention to the Air Quality Index (AQI) around their area. They tried to educate people about Ozone action days and how not to ignore them . Finally, ALA attempted to help people get familiar with how smog adversely affects their health (Oblack). The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) takes it upon them to check evidence every five years to see whether or not the situation of smog pollution has changed for better or worse (seirraclub). It is very simple to stop smog pollution. We can all use our cars, trucks, and motorcycles, sparingly. We all must try to do our fair share and we must be able to bring awareness to how dangerous the sun can really be. We need to fight back against smog. If we do not do anything about it, this planet and everything on it will suffer. Group against Smog and Pollution (GASP) is a non-profit citizens group in Southwestern Pennsylvania working for a healthy, sustainable environment. GASP was founded in 1969, with a group of volunteers who were worried about air quality issues here in Pennsylvania. GASP has been a diligent watchdog, educator, litigator, and policy-maker on many environment al issues, with a focus on air quality in the Pittsburgh region. Their objective is to teach and enlighten the public about pollution and its remedies. Their Mission Statement is will act to obtain for the residents of Western Pennsylvania clean air, water, and land in order to create a healthy, sustainable environment and quality of life to which we are entitled (Groups against Smog and Pollution.) Obviously GASP is doing their part, but what are we doing as individuals to help?

Tom Clancy Bio :: essays research papers

Clancy's next novel, Red Storm Rising, took on U.S./Soviet tension by providing a realistic modern war scenario arising from a conventional Soviet attack on NATO. Other bestsellers followed: Patriot Games dealt with terrorism; Cardinal of the Kremlin focused on spies, secrets and the strategic defense initiative; Clear and Present Danger asked what if there was a real war on drugs; The Sum of All Fears centered around post-Cold War attempts to rekindle U.S./Soviet animosity; Without Remorse took on the rising U.S. drug trade and Vietnam War era POW's; and Debt of Honor explored the hazards of American/Japanese economic competition, the vulnerability of America's financial system, and the dangers of military downsizing. In light of recent events, Debt of Honor demonstrated once and for all Clancy's cutting-edge prescience in predicting future events. The novel ends with a suicide attack against the U.S. Capitol Building by a terrorist flying a 747 out of Dulles airport. Clancy's uninterrupted string of bestsellers continued with Executive Orders, which combined the threat of biological and conventional terrorism with the instability of the Persian Gulf region; Rainbow Six, which explored the dual threats posed by former Soviet intelligence operatives willing to sell themselves to the highest bidder, and genetically engineering bio weapons; and, most recently, The Bear and The Dragon, which posited a limited war between China, the U.S. and Russia. Clancy's non-fiction works include Submarine, Armored Cav, Fighter Wing, Marine, and Airborne—a series of guided tours of America's warfighting assets. He has also written three books in an extraordinary nonfiction series that looks deep into the art of war through the eyes of America's outstanding military commanders. Into The Storm: A Study in Command, written with armor and infantry General Fred Franks Jr., and Every Man a Tiger, written with Air Force General Chuck Horner, won unanimous praise for their detailed exploration of traditional war-fighting from the ground and from the air.

Rights and Freedoms of Aboriginal People over the Past Century

Rights and Freedoms of Aboriginal people over the past Century The rights and freedoms of Aboriginal Australians have changed tremendously over the past decade. The treatment given to the indigenous population of Australia has been an aggravating issue, ever since the white settlement in Australia. As a matter of protection, the Australian governments have implemented, rules, and policies such as, ‘the policy of protection’, assimilation, integration, paternalism, and self-determination, gradually taking away, and disempowering the Aboriginals, and their rights, and freedoms.Paternalism greatly affected individual Aboriginals. During the years of 1901 to 1914, many states and governments maintained similar attitudes and perspectives of the indigenous Australians. Predominantly, this perspective/attitude was based on the belief , that the Aboriginal population, were savages, uncivilised, and were regarded as much inferior or hold less mental capacity to determine what is best for them. This lead to paternalism. Paternalism is the meaning for ‘Fatherly’.This attitude led governments to take control over the Aboriginals, who are depicted to be unable to act for themselves. This act forced aboriginal people out of their traditional lands, the white Australians considered the need for agriculture land is much important for them rather than the Aboriginals. By extracting the Aboriginals from their lands and placing them on reserves, and providing them with adequate supplies of food, and other supplies, was thought as humane. The policy of Assimilation changed the freedom and rights of individual Aboriginal Australian.This policy fostered aboriginal people to change their, way of life, and adapt to the culture of ‘white people' the individual aboriginals were expected to absorb and adapt to the white culture. This policy was depicted to be ‘good’ for the indigenous population. The policy of Assimilation was difficult to enf orce, as aboriginal people retaliated, and fought for the rights, and for the preservation of their culture and identity. This lead to the ‘Stolen-generation’ which involved the forceful removal of aboriginal children from their lands, and family. The children were then dispatched into institutions, or were adopted by white families.As a result the policy of Assimilation continued. The policy of protection was linked to the act of paternalism, which had two intentions that is to preserve and protect the aboriginals, and to educate the existing population, on western culture. From the intention of protecting the indigenous population, the aboriginals faced racism, discrimination, and the deterioration of their way of life. For example under the policy aboriginals could be moved onto reserves at any time, they required permission from the government to marry a white person, they could not vote.During the past century, Aboriginal people were forced to accept protectionism. Practicing and following their culture and way of life was strictly prohibited, therefore this policy had a great negative impact upon the aboriginals. For many decades, The Aboriginal organisations have made amendments for the removal of discriminatory references to aboriginal people individuals in Australia. The federal council for the aboriginals launched a campaign for a referendum. These campaigns were established in all states of Australia. In 1967 (45years ago) a referendum was held.During the referendum, one of the two questions asked was whether the derogatory statements and references to aboriginal people should be removed. The referendum has regularly been seen as providing full citizenship to aboriginals. The referendum and the constitutional changes were not quickly enforced however, over time this referendum changed the lives of aboriginals and their participation to the nation. This referendum changed the lives of aboriginal Australians as they are able to participat e in mainstream events, and were able to sustain their way of life, and gained freedom.The rights and freedoms of the indigenous people continued to change as the policy of assimilation was changed into integration. Aboriginal people fought for the individual rights to participate and engage in activities in the mainstream society. Integration allowed aboriginal individuals, for the first time to, keep their way of life, culture, and customs. They were able to make personal decisions on how their life was meant to be. At the year 1965, the commonwealth conference on the aboriginal policy, changed the policy of assimilation to integration.Self-Determination is the fundamental right for a nation or a specific group of people to regulate all aspects of their lives such as, culture. This policy involved the indigenous people, to have complete right to navigate their basic needs and collective wants. This includes secure and private ownership of land, local community control of land, loc al community control of services, and community affairs. For Aboriginal communities, the ownership of a segment of land is vital approach for the achievement of self-determination.Self-determination is linked to many issues, such as the return of human remains and sacred material by museums, the recognition of customary law, access to culture and appropriate education, and culturally of appropriate housing communities. The establishment of Aboriginal owned organisations is an important step towards self-determination. In conclusion, it is evident that the Australian government practiced policies which restricted and controlled the rights and freedoms of the Aboriginal people.From the 1900’s, Policies such as, the policy of protection’, and, assimilation, had negative impact to the aboriginal way of life, and culture. However over the 1960’s policies such as, Integration, self-determination, and the constitutional referendum have brought aboriginals freedom, and rights. They are able to participate in mainstream events, regardless of their race, and were able to practice their way of live, and were able to preserve their cultural heritage. [email  protected] com By: Gokul (10W)

Baby think it over Reflection.

Baby think it over Reflection. When we were children, we depended on our parents to help us grow, provide us with food, clothing, shelter, and nurture us. However, as we grew older, we became more independent, learning how to do things for ourselves, and care for ourselves. This independence does not last very long because when you have a baby you are not putting yourself first anymore, it is not the baby that you attend to first. Throughout this course, we have learned about the many responsibilities of parenthood and the amount of effort it requires. Being given a baby to take care of for a week gave me a better sense as to how having a real baby would be life.When I first received my baby, I thought it would be a fun experience, and that taking care of a baby couldnt possibly be that difficult. However, as the days progressed, I had new responsibilities.Baby in walker.The baby had to be brought with me everywhere I went. Had it been left unattended, it would have cried, and I would not be able to hear it.Also, I could not sleep peacefully during the night as it would usually cry and wake me up every 3-4 hours. This made me feel exhausted and tired, but I learned that it was something that had to be dealt with when having a child. As in real life, when a baby cries, you must attend to its every need, such as changing it and feeding it. You cannot simply ignore it because then you are neglecting your child.Another difficulty I encountered was the fact that I had to be very careful with the baby. At times I would forget about holding it in an upright position and it would start to cry. Similarly, when a mother is...

The Lord of the Rings the epos and the epic movie picture essays

The Lord of the Rings the epos and the epic movie picture essays After the publication of J.R.R. Tolkiens life work, the trilogy of Middle-earth, Sunday Times noticed: The world is divided into those who have read The Lord of the Rings and those who are going to read it. Today, as P. Jacksons epic picture The Fellowship of the Ring rules on the big screens all over the planet, it would be more true to say that the world is divided into those who have already seen the film and those who are still standing in queues to buy the ticket. When comparing Tokiens masterpiece and its screen adaptation you do not have to be a fantasy freak to notice that the two works share most characteristic features but there are also points at which they differ considerably. Speaking of similarities, it should be stressed how fortunate it is that Tolkiens grand story has not been trivialized and reduced to a fairy tale. Luckily, in Jacksons adaptation the majestic atmosphere of the trilogy is carefully preserved. The script has not been childishly oversimplified, the characters often speak in a dignified language of the warriors of old and, what is equally important, monumental, sublime music adds necessary gravity to the mission of saving the world from the greedy and merciless hands of the Dark Lord, Sauron the Great. In addition, the immense fidelity of description brings the movie picture even closer to the unique atmosphere of Tolkiens masterpiece. If the Author himself could take a seat in the cinema and watch the idyllic landscape of the Shire, snow-clad peaks of the Misty Mountains and horrifying abysses of the Mines of Moria, he would undoubtedly smile warmly and puff his favorite pipe with unconcealed pleasure. Nevertheless, there are also some aspects of Jacksons vision of Middle-earth that would certainly either sadden or even utterly displease Master Tolkien. To name but a few, he would definitely miss careless hopping and sin...